It feels like crime dramas have a lot of male characters and usually only one female character - even when that female character is the lead she's still surrounded by dudes. Are there any crime dramas that feature multiple female characters (preferably female characters who aren't killed)?

I would say Inspector Koo is the first to come in mind. 

you should definitely check - good casting 

Not a crime drama, but it women are prominent in lead and support roles.

Search: WWW    

+ Inspector Koo

- Nobody Knows - super good drama! highly recommend it
- A Murderous Affair in Horizon Tower
- CHIP- IN
- Danger of Her
- Woman of Dignity

Also very good women centric drama is Sky Castle . But not per say a detective  drama, though crime does happen too. 

Inspector Koo +1

Girl From Nowhere

Miss & Mrs. Cops(movie)

I just found about this: Dirty mama